What is the relationship between water temperature and coffee extraction?

Water temperature plays a crucial role in the extraction of flavors from coffee grounds. When water is heated, it becomes more effective at dissolving the soluble compounds found in coffee. Higher temperatures generally increase the kinetic energy of the molecules in both the water and the coffee grounds, enabling a faster interaction between them. This enhances the extraction of flavors, aromas, and other soluble compounds, leading to a more flavorful cup of coffee.

In contrast, colder water lacks the energy to effectively extract the desirable compounds from coffee, resulting in a slower extraction process. As water temperature decreases, the extraction of flavors, including oils and sugars, is diminished, which can lead to a more muted and less complex flavor profile in the final brew.

Additionally, if the water is too hot, it can extract undesirable compounds that may lead to bitterness, which is why there is often an optimal temperature range recommended for different brewing methods. This relationship underscores the importance of using water at the right temperature to achieve the desired balance of flavors in coffee.