What is the extraction time for a modern single Normale shot?

The extraction time for a modern single Normale shot is typically between 20-30 seconds. This timeframe is based on the ideal conditions for producing a balanced espresso shot that maximizes flavor extraction from the coffee grounds. During this period, water flows through the coffee at a pressure of approximately 9 bars, allowing for the proper extraction of oils, sweet compounds, and acidity that contribute to a well-rounded shot of espresso.

In the context of espresso preparation, a shorter extraction time (like 10-15 seconds) may result in under-extraction, leading to a shot that tastes sour and lacks complexity. On the other hand, an excessively long extraction time (such as 30-40 seconds or longer) could lead to over-extraction, producing bitter flavors and astringency; hence, these durations are not ideal for a Normale shot. The 20-30 seconds range is widely recognized among baristas and coffee specialists as the standard for achieving a flavorful and balanced espresso shot, ensuring that the full potential of the coffee beans is realized.