What is the definition of distribution in espresso preparation?

The definition of distribution in espresso preparation refers to the even distribution of coffee within the portafilter. This is a crucial step in the espresso-making process, as it ensures that water flows evenly through the coffee grounds during extraction. Uneven distribution can lead to channeling, where water finds paths of least resistance through the coffee, resulting in under-extraction and over-extraction in different areas of the coffee bed. Proper distribution helps to achieve a more consistent and balanced flavor profile in the final espresso shot. Effective techniques for distribution include using tools like distribution discs or simply using a methodical hand distribution technique to ensure the coffee grounds are evenly spread and leveled before tamping.